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中詩英詩翻譯 中詩部份 1.國破山河在，城春草木深；感時花濺淚，恨別鳥驚心。（春望）
A nation though fallen, the land yet remains; When spring fills the city, its foliage is dense. In grief for the times, A tear the flower strains; In woe for such parting, the birds fly from thence.~~ Fletcher | 2.更闌更秉燭，相對如夢寐。（杜工部，羌邨）
Late at night we still grasp candles. We are together-- so we sleep and dream?~~ Ayscough | 3.夜久語聲絕，如聞泣幽咽；天明登前途，獨與老翁別。（石壕吏）
The sound of worlds ceased in the long night, It was as though I heard the darkness choke with tears; At day break, I went on my way; Only the venerable old man was left.~~ Lowell | 4.艱難苦恨繁霜鬢，潦倒新亭濁酒杯。（登高）
With troubles vexed and trails sore, My locks are daily growing hoar; Till time, before whose steps I pine; Set down this failing cup of wine. ~~ Fletcher | 5.江碧鳥逾白，山清花欲燃；今春看又過，何日是歸年。
White gleam the gulls across the darkling tide, On the green hills the red flowers seem to burn. Alas! I see another spring has died...., When will it come --- the day of my return? ~~~ Giles | 6.親朋無一字，老病有孤舟。（登岳陽樓）
But no word has reached me, From kin and friend; I am old and sick, And alone with my boat. ~~~ Witter Bynner | 7.丹青不知老將至，富貴於我如浮雲。（丹青引）
Faithful to your art, You know no age; Letting weather and fame drift by like clouds! ~~~ Witter Bynner | 8.肯與鄰翁相對飲，隔離呼取盡餘杯。（客至）
Shall I summon, My elderly neighbor to join us; Call him through the fence, And pour the jar dry? ~~~ Witter Bynner | 9.出征未捷身先死，長使英雄淚滿襟。
But before he could conquer, He was dead; and heroes have wept, On their coats ever since. ~~~ Witter Bynner | 10.朱門酒肉臭，路有凍死骨。（自京赴奉先縣詠懷五百字）
Behind these red-lacquered gates, Wine is left to sour, Meat to rot; Outside these gates lie, The bones of the frozen and the starved. ~~~ 洪威廉教授 | 11.甲第紛紛厭粱肉，廣文先生飯不足。（醉時歌）
In many mansions, They feast on choice meat; The honorable professor, Has not enough rice to eat. | 12.死別已吞聲，生別常惻惻。（夢李白）
Grief can be swallowed, After separation of death. The absence of a living friend, Means an anxiety without end. | 13.但見新人笑，那聞舊人哭。（佳人）
My husband wants only to see, His new love laugh. He will not listen to, His first wife's sobs! | 14.一片飛花減郤春，風飄萬點正愁人；且看欲盡花經眼，莫厭傷多酒入脣。江上小堂巢翡翠，苑邊高塚臥麒麟；細推物理須行樂，何用浮石絆此身。
A storm of petals, Has covered spring. The wind, blowing a thousand dots, saddens me. Should I dizzily pursue to sight's end? Better wine to the lips! The little hall by the river now keeps the kingfishers. By the marshes on the high grave, lies the unicorn. To follow his logic my pleasure I shall seek; To what end, let empty Fame bind this frame? | | 15.天不生仲尼，萬古如長夜。(1)If Confucius had not been born, eternity would seem an interminable night. (2)Had Confucius not been born, eternity would seem an interminable night. (3)But for Confucius, eternity would seem an interminable night. | | |
英詩部份 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ (1)When I Was One-and-Twenty（我二十一歲那年） When I was one-and-twenty我二十一歲那年，
I heard a wise man say,聽到一位智者說：
Give crowns and pounds and guineas「銀幣、英鎊、金幣皆可拋，
But not your heart away;你的心可不能給人；
Give pearls away and rubies,珍珠、紅寶石可割捨，
But keep your fancy free.但情竇勿開，保持逍遙自在。」
But I was one-and-twenty, 但我當時才二十一歲，
No use to talk to me.跟我講這些話是沒用的。
When I was one-and-twenty我二十一歲那年，
I heard him say again,又聽過他這麼說：
The heart out of the bosom「胸膛內的一顆心，
Was never given in vain;絕非可以白白掏出給人；
‘Tis paid with sighs aplenty換來的會是聲聲嘆息感喟，
And sold for endless rue.出賣所得的會是無窮的悔恨。」
And I am two-and-twenty, 如今我已二十二歲，
And oh, ‘tis true, ‘tis true.唉！講得真對！真對！
~~~ by A. E. Housman, 1859-1936
§英國詩人郝思曼（A. E. Housman, 1859-1936），曾就讀牛津大學，但因未通過考試而未獲得頒學位，離校後，任英國專利局官員，閒暇乃苦研古典文學，終又任牛津及劍橋大學的拉丁文教授。詩作文字簡潔，但帶有幻滅感，而哀愁中又時而滲有幽默的成份，極富動情力。
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(2)Home They Brought Her Warrior他們帶回她的戰士
Home they brought her warrior dead;他們帶回她那陣亡的戰士，
She nor swooned, nor uttered cry;她既未昏倒，也未哭出聲音。
All her maidens, watching, said,她所有的侍女看著都說：
“She must weep or she will die.”「她要不流淚，就會死。」
Then they praised him, soft and low,然後那些人輕聲細語地讚頌他，
Called him worthy to be loved,說他配得大家的敬愛，
Truest friend and noblest foe;說他待友忠實，對敵高尚；
Yet she neither spoke nor moved.但她既未說話，也不動一下。
Stole a maiden from her place,一位侍女悄悄上前，
Lightly to the warrior stept,輕移腳步走到戰士前，
Took the face-cloth from the face;將戰士臉上的面巾掀開；
Yet she neither moved nor wept. 但她既未說話，也不哭泣。
Rose a nurse of ninety years,九十歲的奶媽站了起來，
Set his child upon her knee---把他的小孩放在她的膝上---
Like summer tempest came her tears---於是她的淚水如夏日暴風雨落下---
“Sweet my child, I live for thee.”「我的心肝寶貝，我為你活下去！」
~~~ by A. Tennyson, 1809-1892
§英國桂冠詩人丁尼生（A. Tennyson, 1809-1892），出身牧師家庭，兄弟均有詩才。未上劍橋大學就讀前，即出版詩集。1850年被封為桂冠詩人，1883年獲冊為貴族，詩以音律見長。
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(3)To See a World in a Grain of Sand（一粒沙中看世界）
To see a world in a grain of sand
And a heaven in a wild flower,
Hold infinity in the palm of your hand
And eternity in an hour.
~~~ William Blake
一粒沙中看世界，
一朵野花見天堂。
將無垠，握在掌中，
見永恆，於頃刻間。
~~~威廉．布萊克
The World in a Poet's Words
Like the grain of sand, one can see worlds in a few short lines written by William Blake (1757~1827). The English poet is known for his concise, controlled lines and expansive metaphors. The lines in Blake’s poetry do not just lead to other words in the poem, but to concepts and ideas far beyond the page.
The imagery Blake evokes is not simply poetic. An accomplished engraver, Blake illustrated, by hand, many volumes of his writing. The pictures are an integral part of Blake’s artistic vision, adding further color and scope to his highly developed sense of metaphor.
詩人眼中的世界
正如這首詩的標題「一粒沙中看世界」，透過威廉．布萊克短短的詩句，我們得以一觀浩瀚天地。這位英籍詩人的文字簡潔嚴謹，隱喻張力十足。他的作品不僅前後呼應，字裡行間更屢屢可見弦外之音。
布萊克深烙的意象不單是詩句而已。擁有嫻熟版技藝的他，亦親筆為其大部份的文字作品繪上佐圖。這些圖畫是布萊克在藝術想像中不可或缺的一環，為他絕倫的隱喻手法更添瑰麗色彩，帶給讀者無限的想像空間。
(4)To a Daughter Leaving Home（給要離家的女兒）
When I taught you 我在你八歲
At eight to ride 教你騎
A bicycle, loping along 腳踏車，邁著大步
Beside you在你身旁
As you wobbled away 你搖搖擺擺
On two round wheels, 坐兩個圓輪而去，
My own mouth rounding 我自己圓著嘴
In surprise when you polled 驚見你使勁
Ahead down the curved 前行，順著彎曲的
Path of the park, 公園小徑，那時
I kept waiting 我一直等待
For the thud 那砰然一聲
Of your crash as I 你摔下來，便
Sprinted to catch up, 衝著追上去
While you grew 而你漸行
Smaller, more breakable 漸遠
With distance, 漸小，漸易破損，
Pumping, pumping 拚了命
For your life, screaming 踩上，踩下，尖聲
With laughter, 大笑，
The hair flapping 頭髮甩動
Behind you like a在背後，像一方
handkerchief waving 手帕揮舞著
Goodbye. 再見。
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（解析及評論）兒女成長時
辛辛苦苦把兒女養大，兒女卻要離家了。做父母的，會有什麼感想？美國詩人琳達．派斯坦（Linda Pastan）回憶起當年教幼女騎腳踏車的一幕，恍然大悟「別離」乃是父母與子女之間必然的宿命。
全詩只是淺白的一句話，卻細膩的道出「離家」一事在親子之間引起兩款不同的心情。面對著女兒長大即將離家，說話者慕然驚覺這件事早在女兒八歲學騎腳踏車時就有軌跡可尋。從父母的眼光看，寶貝的兒子「漸行漸遠/漸易破碎」，令人既疼惜又難以割捨，得意地將父母拋諸腦後。
其實，兒女生下來註定是要尋找自己的道路，而父母通常也心甘情願地協助他們這樣做。教騎腳踏車的回憶，具體呈現出這個事實。從子女出生開始，父母為他們安排的一切，都是為著他們的獨立---也就是為著他們的遠離---而準備。父母遲來的領悟，適足以顯示舐犢情深。
這首詩的素材十分平常，全詩用字簡潔，描繪既細膩寫實又富於象徵意義。曲折有致、簡短快速的詩行與節奏，生動表達了騎腳踏車的實況。以「再見」一詞作為全詩的結尾，而且七佔一行，更道出了離別的真切與決絕---雖或心中不無欣慰。詩中敘述者的深刻覺悟，之以輕描淡寫的筆法，無一字道及感傷，但是震撼力十足。
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ (5)On Reading Poems to a Senior Class at South High（唸詩給南方中學高年級聽） Before
I opened my mouth
I noticed them sitting there
As orderly as frozen fish
In a package.
Slowly water began to fill the room
Though I did not notice it
Till it reached
My ears
And then I heard the sounds
Of fish in an aquarium
And I knew that though I had
Tried to drown them
With my words
That they had only opened up
Like gills for them
And let me in.
Together we swam around the room
Like thirty tails whacking words
Till the bell rang
Puncturing
A hole in the door
Where we all leaked out
They went to another class
I suppose and I home
Where Queen Elizabeth
My cat met me
And licked my fins
Till they were hands again.
~~~~ D. C. Berry
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ (6)The Eagle（鷹） He clasps the crag with crooked hands;
Close to the sun in lonely lands,
Ringed with the azure world, he stands.
The wrinkled sea beneath him crawls;
He watches from his mountain walls,
And like a thunderbolt he falls.
~~~ by Alfred, Lord Tennyson
（解析及評論）
Victorian England（英國維多利亞時期）
The term “Victorian” refers to nineteenth century England, when the country was ruled by Queen Victoria. This period of time is characterized by Britain’s progress in the fields of science and exploration. Britain possessed territory all over the world and became a wealthy and powerful nation.
While many people in England were rich, not everyone in Victorian England benefited from the country’s wealth. Poor people often moved into the cities in search of good jobs but found only disappointment. England’s poor generally lived in terrible conditions, and suffered greatly from hunger and sickness.
Victorian poets were sensitive to England’s social conditions and frequently compared the easy lifestyle of the rich to the suffering of the poor. They also felt that, in a world where everything was changing quickly, the only thing one could be certain about was personal experience. Alfred, Lord Tennyson shared these ideas with other poets of his age, and expressed these concepts in his poetry.
「維多利亞」一詞指的是十九世紀的英格蘭，當時該國由維多利亞女王統治。這段時期的特色是不列顛在科學和海外探險方面的進展。不列顛在世界各地均據有領土，成為一個富強的國家。
雖然當時許多英格蘭人民都很富有，卻不是每個維多利亞時期的英格蘭人都能因國家的富裕而獲益。窮人通常為了找好的工作搬到都市，結果卻徒然失望。英格蘭貧民大都生活在惡劣的環境，而且深受飢餓及疾病之苦。
維多利亞時期的詩人對於英格蘭社會狀況的觀察十分敏銳，經常將富人安逸的生活方式和窮人的苦難做對比。他們也認為，在瞬息萬變的世界中，唯一可以確定的事只有個人的親身體驗。丹尼生與其他同年代的詩人有同樣的想法，並在他的詩作中表達出這些概念。
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ (7)「謎」詩 [1]I like to see it lap the miles,
And lick the valleys up,
And stop to feed itself at tanks;
And then, prodigious, step
[2]Around a pile of mountains,
And, supercilious, peer
In shanties by the sides of roads;
And then a quarry pare
[3]To fit its sides
And crawl between
Complaining all the while
In horrid, hooting stanza;
Then chase itself down hill
[4]And neigh like Boanerges;
Then, punctual as a star,
Stop---docile and omnipotent
At its own stable door.
~~~~ by Emily Dickinson( 1830-1886)
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发表于 2009-6-8 00:47:00