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《天灯修道院》

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发表于 2009-9-22 07:05:00 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式
本帖最后由 雨荷风 于 2015-10-7 20:14 编辑

题纪:写在天灯修道院的几英里之外
在1798年7月13重游瓦伊河畔之时
[英]华兹华斯    勃兰威尔  译
五年了。五个夏季,包括与它相等的
五个悠久的冬天!然而,我再次听见
这些,从山泉中涌出的流水,对湖岸的柔情蜜语
再一次,向这片陡峭的,崇高的悬崖望去
原始的印象中,隐含着另一种境界
这片风景带上安逸,躲进了天边
这样的日子来了,当我再到此处悠闲时
在这里,在这片枫林的树阴下,观赏着
这一小块乡间僻壤,那些丛生的果林
在这个时节,缀满了青涩的水果
它们裹着一身绿色,却忽略了自己
在这些散树与杂林中,我又看见
那一排整齐的田园卫士,或者说不是田园卫士
而是一队好动的树木,正在疯狂地追赶:
这片田园舍地的绿意,直冲门槛
一圈圈的青烟,正从那些树间腾空而起!沉默中
带着变幻莫测的形态。看起来就像一群流浪汉
迷失在一片没有归属的丛林
又如同某些隐士的地洞,在他的炉火边
坐立着隐者孤身一人
我长期的缺席,这些美丽的形态。对我来说
只能像一位盲人那样用心眼去感受画面:
例如,在寂寞的房间,在喧闹的集镇与城市之间
在我倍感烦躁的时刻,我要感谢它们,给我的甜蜜
这种感受,发自血液,发自内心
甚至,走进了我的胡思乱想,修复它的明净:
——激荡起已经遗忘的快乐:是那种,或者说
是那种,在生活中微不足道的事迹
才是伟大的人生,最重要的组成部分
他的卑谦,他的默默无闻,他的名不经传
以及对仁慈与爱的虔诚
我深信,他们给予我的馈赠
远不止表面这些。还有更为高尚的,祝福
在永不休止的负担中
在阴暗疲惫的重压下
当这个没有人情味的世界,造成了这一切不幸时
世界被点亮了:——正是那一句亲切的祝福
这种友情,让我们不知不觉地走到了一起
——在呼吸脱离他们的肉身之前
正当作为人类的我们
血液快要停止流动的时刻,躺下去沉睡
从身体里面,会幻化出一个逼真的灵魂:
通过他那一只,用淡定从容的力量
快乐知足的力量所制造出来的,安详的眼睛
我们才看清了生活的本质
如果这一切,不是一种愚昧的信仰,那么,哦
——在多少个,漆黑的夜晚
在白天许多失落的身影中
当烦躁恶意来袭,当世界逼近疯狂
我的心跳已经被它们搅乱
多少次,在精神世界里,我必须投奔你
森林之城瓦伊河!你这位穿行在丛林中的浪子
何时我的灵魂也能够归顺于你
如今,那些几近熄灭的思绪泛起了星星之光
用那些微弱的,模糊的意识
又略带伤感的片段
在脑海中再次拼起了这副图画:
那时候我站在这里,不仅体会到了眼前的快乐
而且一想到,在未来几年,也能够像现在一样
过着温饱的生活,就感到非常满足
因此,我宁可相信,一切只是世事弄人
毫无疑问,当初群山之中的我
已经不复存在。那时候,我就像一头鹿
跳越于高山之颠,纵横于深河之岸
而傲立于川流之溪。顺其自然,随遇而安:
与其说像一个男人追求过他的所爱
不如说他一直在逃避他的所惧之人
(我年轻时的玩劣,以及野兽般的活力,都死了)
对我来讲,这就是我的全部
——我无法描绘那个时代的自我
那条轰鸣的瀑布,代表了我的激情
和我纠缠不清:那块突起的岩石
那座高山,以及那茂密而阴郁的树林
它们的色彩,它们的形态,都曾是我的最爱
一种情感,一种爱恋,本身就散发出魅力
没必要用思想来故作深刻
也不需要脱离现实的兴趣介入
——这样的时代过去了
伴随着所有的,甜到哀伤
所有,苦尽甘来的癫狂,不再重现
我没有为此沮丧,并且无怨无悔。我一直相信
从这里失去,就会那里获得,丰厚的补偿
因为,我已经学会了看待自然,不再像当初那样
年少无知。时常会听见,自然界
凝结的,悲伤的,灵性乐章
不含任何杂质,充满了感化与驯服的力量
我感觉到一种存在,它打破了我对崇高思想的沉迷
一些事物,和这一直觉深深地融合在了一起
使这种存在,得到了进一步的升华
谁的居所,坐落于西山的霞光
与生生不熄的海洋,那里生活的空气
与那块瓦蓝的天空,以及某人心中的感想
哦,是一种冲动和向往,激发出所有的想象
所有怀念中的事物,穿越了一切滚滚来而
原来,我一直是,牧场和树林,高山
以及这里每一寸绿色土地的情人
所有生机昂然的世界,从眼睛和耳朵
——这两者各自创造的一半认知中
才能够充分地领悟大自然的语言
它驻守在我单纯的思想中,是保姆,是导游
是心灵的守望者
是我一切道义伦理上的领袖
若非偶然的机会,如果我没有接受过这样的训导
或许我再也无法忍受我轻浮情绪的腐蚀:
因为你就是一件艺术,正与我同处在这条
公正的河岸上,我最亲密的朋友
我的亲爱,亲爱的朋友
从你的话语中我捕获到,自己往日的心声
从你热情四射的火辣眼神中我读到,从前的快乐
哎!多想在你身上再看一会,当年的自己
我的亲爱,亲爱的妹妹!我许下这个祈祷
愿无所不知的自然之神永不背叛爱她之心
这是给予她的特权,一直使用到我们有生之年
引领我们走向欢乐天堂:
因为她能够如此地告知,什么才我们应该铭记的
使它留下如此宁静和超然的印象
并且用高尚的情怀去喂养它
无论是诽谤的舌根,轻率的判决,自私的讥讽
虚伪的问候,以及日常生活中所有压抑的交往
都无法打倒我们,也不能动摇,我们乐观的信念
我们所见的一切,全在自然之神的庇佑中
所以,让月光尽情挥洒,陪伴你孤独地漫步
让朦胧的山风,在你身边自由吹送:
那么,在你的晚年岁月中,当火热的激情
在冷清的愉悦中变的成熟
当你的思想被所有的爱恋堆积为大厦
哦!孤独,恐惧,痛苦,悲伤
必然会是你的一部分
那时,请用我们当初的柔情和欢乐
治疗你想起我的哀伤
这是我的劝告!即使,纵然
——我撒手离去
再也无法听见你的声音
再也无法从你火热的眼神中,抓住流逝的瞬间
——你不会忘记,我们并肩仁立于柔美湖畔的这一刻
而我,这个顶礼膜拜的自然主义者
故地重游,感觉孜孜不倦:
更确切地说是有种温馨的爱
——哦!那份虔诚的爱更加热烈
你也不会忘记此刻
经过了数次的漂泊,多年的分别
这些险峻的森林,崇高的峭壁
以及这一片绿色的田园山水
让我倍感亲切,因为它们本身,因为有你


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 楼主| 发表于 2009-9-22 07:07:00 | 显示全部楼层
翻译随笔:
其实翻译并不是一件轻松+愉快的事情,诗歌更是如此。首先,必须读懂诗歌。这是最基本的。其次,自己要充分地认识诗歌。原则上,非诗人无法译诗。如果自己不会写诗歌,连最基本的诗歌格律语法,用词,韵律等等都一无所知,那么照原意翻译出来,终不过是一只“四不象”。可能语句还不通顺,意境也不完整。

在这里,威尔无心搞出一堆大道理,或者提出任何诗歌的翻译理论。再者,我亦没看过任何翻译理论。在两种语言的转化上,语言审美感,语法句式的区别,跃动感上,仿佛在做数学运算。这是一道恒久的不等式。在衷于原作的基础上,尽量遵照原作的风格与特色。至于用韵方面,我觉得应当是顺其自然。只要用心,就会发现真正的诗歌,即使转换成另一种语言,也是一种歌声。或者说,诗是世界的通用语言。

我曾经说过,不会刻意去翻译诗歌。因为亦提不起半点精神。只是,一个女人与我说起诗歌,她拿了汪剑钊所翻译的这篇所谓《丁登寺》给我看,说:“你看华兹华斯的诗歌翻译的多好啊!”我看了是又好气又好笑。来一句自己习惯的粗俗:“什么几吧,北极!”简直是对大师的“污蔑,讥讽,虚伪的问候”那个不争气的王佐良的翻译连最基本的“意译”都没有做到,大大歪曲华兹华斯的本意,这汪剑钊更是一头劣畜,赤裸裸的抄袭者,以及“拿来主义者”。拜托“拿来主义”也需要有点本事,不要像头蠢驴一样,什么都照抄。要抄去抄穆旦的,他的英文诗歌翻译的很好,至少意思正确,没有歪曲事实。这小子偏偏要抄王总的。人家王总自己都没读懂。

若非抄袭,何解“一直绿到家门”?根本是一字不差。我只知道冠西大哥英文很好,莫非要他解释下何为“绿到家门”?”“these pastoral farms’ Green to the very door”如果把诗歌这么改一下,加个标点,也许他们能够明白。这里只是一个断句,在英语中分开的语感要比这样写更有跃动感。仅此而已。我就不讲什么语法课了,因为自己也是文盲,会说不会写。更赤裸的是“不是像盲人看不到美景”与“不是像盲者面对眼前的美景”,而诗歌的原意,就是如同盲人那样看待风景。“but hearing oftentimes /The still, sad music of humanity, Nor harsh nor grating”这里的“humanity”是拟人化的单词,意思是大自然如同拥有人性般的,中文意思来说,就是具备灵性的,这里省略了主语和宾语“Nature”,后面的只是从句。而非什么“人生的低柔而忧郁的乐声”之流。搞笑的是王佐良翻译这句“Nor harsh nor grating”到是正确“不粗劣,不刺耳”,也就是照着单词翻译,这汪跟班眼珠子一转,来个反意词“优雅,悦耳”变的是越发离奇,还不如王总。这些例子是多不甚数,威尔也赖的再提。

只是自己心中有些郁闷。拿来调侃一把。我对现在中国的文学,这种浮躁,“拿来主义”是彻底绝望。亦不想做什么救世主,无药可救还理它做什么?自古有扁鹊见蔡桓公的故事,小学课本就有。用乡下人的话说就是:“我赖得操这个装B的时代”。这北岛翻译了狄兰.托马斯《死亡也不得称霸》,汪伪才子立马跟风曰:“而死亡也并非所向披靡的”。打个比方,这北岛作了首诗歌如下:
“今晚的月色多朦胧啊!形状,多柠檬。我心情大好。”

王佐良决定翻译一把:“晚间的月亮很朦胧,好象是方形的。所以,我心情好。”
汪剑钊眼珠子一转,跟风之作出来了:“夜晚的月色很朦胧,好象一块砖头,我不悲伤。”

威尔并非恶意地去讥讽,嘲笑。只是,忽然感觉自己有了些愤世。对于这些伪君子,调侃一下,我想还是拥有足够的权利。希望中国少一些这种人,别再出来欺骗老少妇孺了。同时,也希望美女们能够擦亮你们动人的眼睛,秋波别乱送。

威尔的翻译即使不好,但至少也让华兹华斯在中国沉冤得雪。也是向华哥的一种致敬。无论是大师,还是新手,诗歌一长,就见功底。这篇诗歌并不算华哥诗歌的上乘之作。在英国,也只有“泰坦狂人”敢于公开表示看不起华兹华斯。如果认为华兹华斯是最出色的田园诗人,并不见得。我觉得华哥并没有超越他的前辈陶渊明“采菊东篱下,悠然见南山”而从这篇诗歌也可看出,华兹华斯对于他妹妹的爱,应该是超越了兄妹之间的那种情感,应该说他疯狂地爱着自己的妹妹。不过这在西方算不上什么,应该说,是一种浪漫,深入骨髓的浪漫。虽然有违伦理与道德。作为中国人,得插上一句嘴:“尔等皆蛮胰。”哎哎~

我国古代伟大的诗人比比皆是,可惜到了唐朝就逐渐产生了浮躁气息。从此也开始走向了衰败。如今,更是到了穷途末路。尼采说:“要看一个国家有没救,只要看这个国家有没有伟大的英雄。”对于中国诗歌,我不说是“文学”,如果多几个诗歌皇帝志摩,用他的那份“真”;多几个低调无私的穆旦那份“善”;多几个诗歌天才海子那份“美”。那么中国诗歌必定会被他们身上散发出来的“真,善,美”所点亮!走向复兴之路。
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 楼主| 发表于 2009-9-22 07:08:00 | 显示全部楼层
Composed A Few Miles Above Tintern Abbey,
On Revisiting The Banks Of The Wye
During A Tour. July 13, 1798.

Five years have past; five summers, with the length
Of five long winters! and again I hear
These waters, rolling from their mountain-springs
With a soft inland murmur.--Once again
Do I behold these steep and lofty cliffs,
That on a wild secluded scene impress
Thoughts of more deep seclusion; and connect
The landscape with the quiet of the sky.
The day is come when I again repose
Here, under this dark sycamore, and view
These plots of cottage-ground, these orchard-tufts,
Which at this season, with their unripe fruits,
Are clad in one green hue, and lose themselves
'Mid groves and copses. Once again I see
These hedge-rows, hardly hedge-rows, little lines
Of sportive wood run wild: these pastoral farms,
Green to the very door; and wreaths of smoke
Sent up, in silence, from among the trees!
With some uncertain notice, as might seem
Of vagrant dwellers in the houseless woods,
Or of some Hermit's cave, where by his fire
The Hermit sits alone.

These beauteous forms,
Through a long absence, have not been to me
As is a landscape to a blind man's eye:
But oft, in lonely rooms, and 'mid the din
Of towns and cities, I have owed to them
In hours of weariness, sensations sweet,
Felt in the blood, and felt along the heart;
And passing even into my purer mind,
With tranquil restoration:--feelings too
Of unremembered pleasure: such, perhaps,
As have no slight or trivial influence
On that best portion of a good man's life,
His little, nameless, unremembered, acts
Of kindness and of love. Nor less, I trust,
To them I may have owed another gift,
Of aspect more sublime; that blessed mood,
In which the burthen of the mystery,
In which the heavy and the weary weight
Of all this unintelligible world,
Is lightened:--that serene and blessed mood,
In which the affections gently lead us on,--
Until, the breath of this corporeal frame
And even the motion of our human blood
Almost suspended, we are laid asleep
In body, and become a living soul:
While with an eye made quiet by the power
Of harmony, and the deep power of joy,
We see into the life of things.

If this
Be but a vain belief, yet, oh! how oft--
In darkness and amid the many shapes
Of joyless daylight; when the fretful stir
Unprofitable, and the fever of the world,
Have hung upon the beatings of my heart--
How oft, in spirit, have I turned to thee,
O sylvan Wye! thou wanderer thro' the woods,
How often has my spirit turned to thee!

And now, with gleams of half-extinguished thought,
With many recognitions dim and faint,
And somewhat of a sad perplexity,
The picture of the mind revives again:
While here I stand, not only with the sense
Of present pleasure, but with pleasing thoughts
That in this moment there is life and food
For future years. And so I dare to hope,
Though changed, no doubt, from what I was when first
I came among these hills; when like a roe
I bounded o'er the mountains, by the sides
Of the deep rivers, and the lonely streams,
Wherever nature led: more like a man
Flying from something that he dreads, than one
Who sought the thing he loved. For nature then
(The coarser pleasures of my boyish days,
And their glad animal movements all gone by)
To me was all in all.--I cannot paint
What then I was. The sounding cataract
Haunted me like a passion: the tall rock,
The mountain, and the deep and gloomy wood,
Their colours and their forms, were then to me
An appetite; a feeling and a love,
That had no need of a remoter charm,
By thought supplied, nor any interest
Unborrowed from the eye.--That time is past,
And all its aching joys are now no more,
And all its dizzy raptures. Not for this
Faint I, nor mourn nor murmur, other gifts
Have followed; for such loss, I would believe,
Abundant recompence. For I have learned
To look on nature, not as in the hour
Of thoughtless youth; but hearing oftentimes
The still, sad music of humanity,
Nor harsh nor grating, though of ample power
To chasten and subdue. And I have felt
A presence that disturbs me with the joy
Of elevated thoughts; a sense sublime
Of something far more deeply interfused,
Whose dwelling is the light of setting suns,
And the round ocean and the living air,
And the blue sky, and in the mind of man;
A motion and a spirit, that impels 0
All thinking things, all objects of all thought,
And rolls through all things. Therefore am I still
A lover of the meadows and the woods,
And mountains; and of all that we behold
From this green earth; of all the mighty world
Of eye, and ear,--both what they half create,
And what perceive; well pleased to recognise
In nature and the language of the sense,
The anchor of my purest thoughts, the nurse,
The guide, the guardian of my heart, and soul
Of all my moral being.

Nor perchance,
If I were not thus taught, should I the more
Suffer my genial spirits to decay:
For thou art with me here upon the banks
Of this fair river; thou my dearest Friend,
My dear, dear Friend; and in thy voice I catch
The language of my former heart, and read
My former pleasures in the shooting lights
Of thy wild eyes. Oh! yet a little while
May I behold in thee what I was once,
My dear, dear Sister! and this prayer I make,
Knowing that Nature never did betray
The heart that loved her; 'tis her privilege,
Through all the years of this our life, to lead
From joy to joy: for she can so inform
The mind that is within us, so impress
With quietness and beauty, and so feed
With lofty thoughts, that neither evil tongues,
Rash judgments, nor the sneers of selfish men,
Nor greetings where no kindness is, nor all
The dreary intercourse of daily life,
Shall e'er prevail against us, or disturb
Our cheerful faith, that all which we behold
Is full of blessings. Therefore let the moon
Shine on thee in thy solitary walk;
And let the misty mountain-winds be free
To blow against thee: and, in after years,
When these wild ecstasies shall be matured
Into a sober pleasure; when thy mind
Shall be a mansion for all lovely forms,
Thy memory be as a dwelling-place
For all sweet sounds and harmonies; oh! then,
If solitude, or fear, or pain, or grief,
Should be thy portion, with what healing thoughts
Of tender joy wilt thou remember me,
And these my exhortations! Nor, perchance--
If I should be where I no more can hear
Thy voice, nor catch from thy wild eyes these gleams
Of past existence--wilt thou then forget
That on the banks of this delightful stream
We stood together; and that I, so long
A worshipper of Nature, hither came
Unwearied in that service: rather say
With warmer love--oh! with far deeper zeal
Of holier love. Nor wilt thou then forget,
That after many wanderings, many years
Of absence, these steep woods and lofty cliffs,
And this green pastoral landscape, were to me
More dear, both for themselves and for thy sake!
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发表于 2009-9-22 08:07:00 | 显示全部楼层
欢迎继续高论................
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发表于 2009-9-22 09:33:00 | 显示全部楼层
问好新朋友!

长诗需慢读。欣赏中...
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发表于 2009-9-22 14:40:00 | 显示全部楼层
I do appreciate your endeavor for translating such a long stuff and your enlightening remarks related to the theory of translation. Your understanding of English is good enough to translate the verses. However, your expression in Chinese still leaves a little to be desired. For instance, we say 漫长的冬天,never say 悠久的冬天, murmur in this context should be put into 呢喃细语ranther than 柔情密语 and lofty, 高耸的,not崇高的,for we never use 崇高的to discrible a mountain, to name only a few.  Finally my heartfelt thanks for your joining us and let us share your wonderful work.  I wish you could be a frequent visitor to this forum and undertake exchanges with all the members with devotion to translation down here。
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