转：莎士比亚十四行诗之124

rlee

If my dear love were but the child of state,
It might for Fortune’s bastard be unfather’d,
As subject to Time’s love or to Time’s hate,
Weeds among weeds, or flowers with flowers gather’d.
No, it was builded far from accident;
It suffers not in smiling pomp, nor falls
Under the blow of thralled discontent,
Whereto th’ inviting time our fashion calls:
It fears not policy, that heretic,
Which works on leases of short-number’d hours,
But all alone stands hugely politic,
That it nor grows with heat, nor drowns with showers.
To this I witness call the fools of time,
Which die for goodness, who have lived for crime.

rlee

问题：
Weeds among weeds, or flowers with flowers gather’d.
第一个weeds和flowers为什么不用单数形式。是否可以当做动词理解？
It suffers not in smiling pomp
suffer后面为何有in
die for goodness如何理解？可否理解成一辈子做坏事，到老了却想要改过自新？

宛城卧龙

对于RLEE兄问题，还望各路豪杰来此讨论一番！

草子

欣赏了 我只能读 不能评

rlee

谢谢二位。梁宗岱的本子如下。
假如我的爱只是权势的嫡种，
它就会是命运的无父的私生子，
受时光的宠辱所磨折和播弄，
同野草闲花一起任人们采刈。
不呀，它并不是建立在偶然上；
它既不为荣华的笑颜所转移，
也经受得起我们这时代风尚
司空见惯的抑郁、愤懑的打击：
它不害怕那只在短期间有效、
到处散播异端和邪说的权谋，
不因骄阳而生长，雨也冲不掉，
它巍然独立在那里，深思熟筹。
　　被时光愚弄的人们，起来作证！
　　你们毕生作恶，却一死得干净。

rlee

Weeds among weeds, or flow'rs with flowers gathered.
钱兆明的注释weeds...flow'rs: 喻love born of circumstances; 或为草，随杂草被铲除，或为花, 随鲜花被采集. 是花是草取决于时运. (subject to time's love, or to time's hate). flow'rs.. flowers, 均为一个音节。gather: are gathered; 与weeds搭配作cut解，与flow'rs搭配作collected解。
rlee: 该注释到位，信实。第一个weeds和flow'rs，如果按名词理解，那就是把my dear love比作weeds和flow'rs, 问题是为何不用单数形式。如果按动词理解，前面是个条件从句，似作it would weed and flow'r. 我更倾向于按名词理解。

rlee

It suffers not in smiling pomp, nor falls
Under the blow of thralled discontent,
Whereto th' inviting time our fashion calls:
It suffers not in = it suffers no harm from, it does not endure the odium of being subjected to.
smiling pomp = the friendly (but potentially deceitful) visage of those in power. The Machiavellian ideal would be to wield authority with a smile, so that no one would suspect, by a darkened or angry look, that they might be in danger. They could then be removed easily without having had time to prepare counter manoeuvres. However the implication here may be that the favour of great ones is as onerous to bear as their hatred, because it would require eternal vigilance and looking over one's shoulder.
nor falls / under etc. = nor is it brought low, as discontented factions are brought low, by being cast into prison, or otherwise removed. discontent is an abstract noun personified to stand for those persons in a state who chafe at the existing regime and would have it changed. Such people could be considered to be thralled, i.e. enslaved, by the situation of being devoid of power, or by the constant threat of being physically restrained and cast into prison.
Whereto = to which, i.e. to smiling pomp or thralled discontent. The line is not easily understood, and opinions vary as to its meaning. The subject of calls could be either th'inviting time or our fashion, with either being the object. Or perhaps they are both the subject, being in apposition to each other. inviting time probably means 'the time which invites and motivates us to do such and such'. A reasonably safe interpretation would therefore be 'It (my love) is not tempted to follow the swings of fashion which time dictates, either as a courtier walking the knife edge of preferment, or a dissident threatened with punishment'.

rlee

No, it was builded far from accident;
It suffers not in smiling pomp, nor falls
Under the blow of thralled discontent,
Whereto th’ inviting time our fashion calls:
我认为It suffers not in smiling pomp和nor falls under the blow of thranlled discontent是解释it was builded far from accident的。smiling pomp和thralled discontent是两个极端，前者是居庙堂之高的从政当权官员，他们玩弄权术，笑里藏刀，言行浮夸，后者是居江湖之远的在野不满分子，他们没有自由，心有不甘，反抗当局。suffer和fall under都是受....影响和控制，也就是说诗人是超然于政治之外。但suffer和fall under又有不同，suffer有默许的意思，fall under有流落混迹的意思，也就是说诗人既不和朝臣浮华沆瀣一气，又不和贼臣逆子同流合污。
如何理解Whereto th’ inviting time our fashion calls？whereto=to which; to what or what place or end . our fashion是主语，calls是谓语动词，th'inviting time是宾语。our fashion calls (smiling pomp and thralled discontent) the inviting time. 所以calls的有了双宾语，the'inviting time, 和simling pomp, thralled discontent. 这里的fashion是风气，风尚，贬义。inviting time: time that invites， 时下人们所欢呼的风行事物，即smiling pomp和thralled discontent. inviting time和accident两相呼应。