埃文河天鹅老师批改的翻译作业，我羞愧了。

靳乾

   此段摘自：An Essay of Dramatic Poesy——John Dryden
“To begin, then, with Shakespeare. He was the man who of all modern, and perhaps ancient poets, had the largest and most comprehensive soul.
那么，我们先来谈谈莎士比亚。他是汇集了所有现代，或许包括古典诗人最为恢弘而广博的灵魂。
后句应该读作：He was the man who had the largest and most comprehensive soul of all modern, and perhaps ancient poets. （大意是：在所有的现代诗人，可能还有古代诗人里头，他拥有者最广博，最包罗万象的灵魂。）有些细微的差别，请品读。
（of all 我的误读。To begin, then, with Shakespeare，铁冰君也指出过错误。包括这一句，当时没有改。）
All the images of nature were still present to him, and he drew them, not laboriously, but luckily; when he describes anything, you more than see it, you feel it too.
一切自然意象直接呈现于他，他再巧妙地画下来，丝毫不费力气。对于他所描述的任何事物，不仅如画般展现在我们眼前，还可以触碰感知。
这里的still当forever, continually讲，连绵不绝地。
Those who accuse him to have wanted learning, give him the greater commendation: he was naturally learned; he needed not the spectacles of books to read nature; he looked inwards, and found her there.
那些指控他受的教育太少的人们反而会给他更高的褒奖。他的渊博是浑然天成；无需通过书本了解，他探索内心世界，从中发掘了他的追寻。
我觉得翻译时spectacles的意思应该让读者领会到妙语。意思是：他不需要带上书本这副眼镜来窥测自然。Looked inwards, 即自省。Her: 自然。这里影射其它同时代作家都是从古希腊罗马文学作品中寻找灵感，而莎士比亚则审视自然和生活，把他们作为自己创作的来源。
（当时考虑到her指自然，连接着前面的All the images of nature，这么翻译当时目的是想重点突出文章所要说明的莎士比亚不是类似皇家科班似的创作。）
I cannot say he is everywhere alike；were he so, I should do him injury to compare him with the greatest of mankind. He is many times flat, insipid; his comic wit degenerating into clenches, his serious swelling into bombast. But he is always great, when some great occasion is presented to him; no man can say he ever had a fit subject for his wit, and did not then raise himself as high as above the rest of poets, “Quantum lenta solent inter viburna cupressi.”
我不会说他处处平凡，若真是这样，当把他和最伟大人物比较会使他则鄙陋不堪，但事实并非如此。很多的时候，他无聊单调；他的喜剧天赋腐化为诡辩，他恢弘气势退化为浮言。但面临重要的时刻，他的伟大总不会令你食言。没有人对于他的天赋他找了适合的词汇，而他也没把自己置在优于其他诗人的高度，“如弯曲灌木丛中的柏树”。
这里的everything alike, 字面意思是“一切都是这样”，从后文批评他flat, insipid等，似乎是说他不是写的什么东西都很伟大。如果他真的是“样样都好”，我拿他和最伟大的人类相比，就会于他不利。这里do him injury, 需要体会论述者的语气。接着论述者提他的缺点。
Flat: 古板。Clench: 陈嘉的注释是puns, plays on words，文字游戏。需要考证。
But he is always great, when some great occasion is presented to him. 意思是：而他总是伟大的，如果有伟大的时机呈现给他。注意品读。（我看的版本的注释为pun,quibbles。因为考虑到单指文字游戏过于单薄。但想想感觉你说的对，）No man can say he ever had a fit subject for his wit, and did not then raise himself as high as above the rest of poets. 意思是：没有人能说出他的才智适合写哪种题材，也就是说他什么题材都能写。如果写，没有一个不超过其它诗人的。请品读。（我这句话翻得时候就没懂这个要表达什么意思。）
The consideration of this made Mr. Hales of Eaton say, that there was no subject of which any poet ever writ, but he would produce it much better done in Shakespeare; and however others are now generally preferred before him, yet the age wherein he lived, which had contemporaries with him Fletcher and Jonson, never equaled them to him in their esteem: and in the last king’s court, when Ben’s reputation was at highest, Sir John Suckling, and with him the greater part of the courtiers, set our Shakespeare far above him.
考虑这句话，约翰.霍尔斯认为，其他诗人不能完成的题材，莎士比亚却可以创作出，并更为优秀；然而，在他之前的一些诗人广受推崇，但随着莎士比亚时代的到来，与他同时代的弗莱彻和琼森，便永远不能与之相媲美：在查理一世统治时期，当属本琼森的声望最高，同为宫廷朝臣约翰•萨克林爵士却认为莎士比亚远远超过了他。
第一句的意思是：所有诗人曾经写过的题材，没有能比莎士比亚写得更好的。
第二句的意思是：有些诗人，当代的人觉得比莎士比亚强；可是在莎士比亚所处的时代，声誉决不能跟他等量齐观。Sir John Suckling, and with him the greater part of the courtiers 这里就包括了John Suckling，以及他的同僚们。
“Beaumont and Fletcher of whom I am next to speak, had with the advantage of Shakespeare’s wit, which was their precedent, great natural gifts, improved by study.
我接下来要说说博蒙特和弗莱彻，他俩优越的天资，以及通过后天研习的完善，拥有了超越莎士比亚天赋的优势。
是说他俩前有莎士比亚所树立的的榜样，有着通过后天努力完善的伟大天资。请品读。
Beaumont especially being so accurate a judge of Plays, that Ben Jonson while he lived, submitted all his Writings to his Censure, and he thought, used his judgment in correcting, if not contriving, all his plots. What value he had for him, appears by the Verses he writ to him; and therefore need speak no farther of it.
尤其是博蒙特极为慎密的戏剧评论。他在世时，本.琼森把他所有的作品递交给他批评，因为他考虑他那些未谋划布局好的作品，可以利用他的评论对他的情节来做修改。他对琼森的可贵，从琼森提及到他的诗歌创作便可一目了然，这里就不再引申下去了。
and he thought 应该是and, ‘tis thought. 这里理解不很到位。
这段大致意思是：特别是Beaumont, 他对戏剧的鉴赏力是如此精准，以至于他在世的时候Jonson把自己写的东西全部送给他批评，人们都认为，jonson 曾经用Beaumont的判断力来修改，甚至设计自己的剧本情节。
（是and, ‘tis thought.从网络版中挡下来的时候弄错了。）
附：原始错误翻译。
“To begin, then, with Shakespeare. He was the man who of all modern, and perhaps ancient poets, had the largest and most comprehensive soul. All the images of nature were still present to him, and he drew them, not laboriously, but luckily; when he describes anything, you more than see it, you feel it too. Those who accuse him to have wanted learning, give him the greater commendation: he was naturally learned; he needed not the spectacles of books to read nature; he was naturally learned; he needed not the spectacles of books to read nature; he looked inwards, and found her there. I cannot say he is everywhere alike；were he so, I should do him injury to compare him with the greatest of mankind. He is many times flat, insipid; his comic wit degenerating into clenches, his serious swelling into bombast. But he is always great, when some great occasion is presented to him; no man can say he ever had a fit subject for his wit, and did not then raise himself as high as above the rest of poets, “Quantum lenta solent inter viburna cupressi.” The consideration of this made Mr. Hales of Eaton say, that there was no subject of which any poet ever writ, but he would produce it much better done in Shakespeare; and however others are now generally preferred before him, yet the age wherein he lived, which had contemporaries with him Fletcher and Jonson, never equaled them to him in their esteem: and in the last king’s court, when Ben’s reputation was at highest, Sir John Suckling, and with him the greater part of the courtiers, set our Shakespeare far above him.

“那么，我们先来来谈谈莎士比亚。他是汇集了所有现代，或许包括古典诗人最为恢弘而广博的灵魂。一切自然意象直接呈现于他，他再巧妙地画下来，丝毫不费力气。对于他所描述的任何事物，不仅如画般展现在我们眼前，还可以触碰感知。那些指控他受的教育太少的人们反而会给他更高的褒奖。他的渊博是浑然天成；无需通过书本了解，他探索内心世界，从中发掘了他的追寻。我不会说他处处平凡，若真是这样，当把他和最伟大人物比较会使他则鄙陋不堪，但事实并非如此。很多的时候，他无聊单调；他的喜剧天赋腐化为诡辩，他恢弘气势退化为浮言。但面临重要的时刻，他的伟大总不会令你食言。没有人对于他的天赋他找了适合的词汇，而他也没把自己置在优于其他诗人的高度，“如弯曲灌木丛中的柏树”。考虑这句话，约翰.霍尔斯认为，其他诗人不能完成的题材，莎士比亚却可以创作出，并更为优秀；然而，在他之前的一些诗人广受推崇，但随着莎士比亚时代的到来，与他同时代的弗莱彻和琼森，便永远不能与之相媲美：在查理一世统治时期，当属本琼森的声望最高，同为宫廷朝臣约翰•萨克林爵士却认为莎士比亚远远超过了他。
  “Beaumont and Fletcher of whom I am next to speak, had with the advantage of Shakespeare’s wit, which was their precedent, great natural gifts, improved by study. Beaumont especially being so accurate a judge of Plays, that Ben Jonson while he lived, submitted all his Writings to his Censure, and he thought, used his judgment in correcting, if not contriving, all his plots. What value he had for him, appears by the Verses he writ to him; and therefore need speak no farther of it.
我接下来要说说博蒙特和弗莱彻，他俩优越的天资，以及通过后天研习的完善，拥有了超越莎士比亚天赋的优势。尤其是博蒙特极为慎密的戏剧评论。他在世时，本.琼森把他所有的作品递交给他批评，因为他考虑他那些未谋划布局好的作品，可以利用他的评论对他的情节来做修改。他对琼森的可贵，从琼森提及到他的诗歌创作便可一目了然，这里就不再引申下去了。

宛城卧龙

天鹅君对莎翁的学习 有其自己的心得 做了不少收集和研究工作。这点我敬佩

Loon

大多同意天鹅的解析， 说大多是因为只草草地看了一下。 有一个问题不明白， 天鹅在说别人挖坟的同时， 自己不也乐此不疲吗？

埃文河天鹅

没想到会贴在这里。这几天高烧和忙碌搅在一起了。所以，靳乾的译文我看得较为潦草。我有一个建议，就是读一遍，再读一遍，放段时间，再读，当有更确切的领悟。

埃文河天鹅

我挖的都是别人很少挖的。只要我们不要挖着挖着，自己钻进去出不来，这就行了。呵呵

木樨黄谷

没想到会贴在这里。这几天高烧和忙碌搅在一起了。所以，靳乾的译文我看得较为潦草。我有一个建议，就是读一 ...[/quote]
这种方法很对，切勿让晕轮晕了头脑

埃文河天鹅

挖西方文学的祖坟，古希腊罗马文学。

埃文河天鹅

靳乾你好，你说你看的版本的注释为pun,quibbles，是什么书？

埃文河天鹅

实地勘察现在条件不允许，去博物馆就可以了。

落芸听雨

一切自然意象直接呈现于他，他再巧妙地画下来，丝毫不费力气。对于他所描述的任何事物，不仅如画般展现在我们眼前，还可以触碰感知。