本帖最后由 雨荷风 于 2015-10-7 16:07 编辑
按:里欧·闫克威驰,Leo Yankevich,1961— ,当代诗人,出生在美国宾夕法尼亚一个爱尔兰—波兰裔的罗马天主教家庭,阿兰恩斯学院毕业。1989年铁幕之落后,他决定定居波兰。除了极少数的自由体(free verse )外,他的绝大部分诗都是按照严格的格律(in both traditional metre and in syllabics )写的,这在当代西方诗人中虽不很多,但也决非少见。里欧·闫克威驰的诗歌,情感充沛而又蕴藉,细腻而跌宕;题思多彩,历史之纵深,物华之广泛,无不感而无不发;涉政治而不空洞,闪现着灵见;及反思而不呆板,荡漾着幽曲;又与其身世天合矣。形式游于传统,而犹欲光大;格律克己,语言却平实毫不古奥晦涩。
1、十月诗
微风轻拂的十月清晨,我徙倚
在云咒乌鸦迅疾而驰的掠影下
看着这个世界从地平线上苏醒
我听到灌木丛之中的橘树说起
黑鸟们,而喧闹着的墙角坍塌
之处是画眉在瓜分一块残糕饼
我看见黎明转过角落后的头班
马车,看见车主咧嘴笑而缺齿
在一片被太阳照亮的树叶之中
我闻到气味,是什么东西点燃
是什么东西在深深处郁积潜跱
比堆成山的波兰粪更污秽汹汹
三十又五年已经将我生命之叶
转化成流浪者之烟与风相枕藉
Poem in October
On this breezy October morn, I walk
in the swift shadows of cloud-cursing rooks,
watching the world wake on the horizon.
In the brush I hear the tangerine talk
of blackbirds, and, in a crumbling wall's nooks,
the tumult of thrushes halving a bun.
And I see the first cart of dawn turning
the corner, see its owner's toothless grin
amid a pile of leaves lit by the sun.
And I smell the scent of something burning,
of something smouldering deep within,
fouler than all the hills of Polish dung.
Thirty-five years have transformed my life's leaves
into an outcast's smoke upon the breeze.
按:1、此诗尾韵传统形式虽偶见然而却没有整体如此者,完全是节之间相押,即一二节、三四节每两节之间对应行的尾韵相押,末节两行好押如传统的收束。
2、潜跱,暗藏。
2、灰橡树
我转过那个墓所
展开的石头旮旯,
今天我是哀悼者
乌鸦群盘旋环匝
铁门外的垃圾袋,
两喜鹊刨走发夹
一只麻雀刚扎寨
又从百宝箱逃离,
我在走,在等待
这里她挨着淤泥
和沙子将要歇就,
她的墓碑朝向西
我仍然无法承受
我那悲伤的孔硕;
一棵树无法参透
它的树叶的坠落
Grey Oak
I turn the stony corner
where the graveyard begins.
Today I am a mourner.
Crows circle garbage bins
beyond the iron gate;
two magpies poach hairpins;
a sparrow comes too late,
then flees the treasure chest.
I move on, and I wait.
It is here she will rest
beneath the silt and sand,
her headstone facing west.
And still, I can’t withstand
the power of my grief.
A tree can’t understand
the falling of its leaf.
按:1、此诗尾韵形式,三行节隔行押韵虽常见,但韵脚衔连于节之间,即ABA,BCB,CDC,DED,EFEF形式,尚不属于传统的所谓联韵的几种。
2、墓所,即墓地,《后汉书·马援传》:“援行服期年,不离墓所。”
3、孔硕,巨大,对应于power,《诗经·大雅·楚茨》:“执爨踖踖,为俎孔硕。”
3、黑橡树
午夜时分,在凹陷的弯月亮的下方
有一块林间空地,上有落叶上的叶
地下有她那一对修长而嶙峋的手臂
那儿,裸着,她等待她的时间之至
但,虽用她的方式歌着哀婉的低腔
关于过去的岁月,关于死亡和悲切,
关于古老的符咒,药草,还有魔力,
而她却再也不能移动,只能以手势
惊悚于田鼠和鼠尾草和夜猫子鸮鹰
你蹲下在蕨丛中观望,会局促成褊
于视中物:一只乌鸦壕沟的眼平浮
你听到:她发出的元音和辅音之声
抓攫住了轻风,并乘御着轻风飞远
过一会儿你就想到:她是一个女巫
Black Oak
At midnight, just beneath the sunken moon,
there is a glade, where leaf on fallen leaf
lie underneath her long and bony arms.
There, naked, she awaits her time to come.
But, singing in her way a mournful tune
of many years gone by, of death and grief,
of olden incantations, herbs, and charms,
she never moves on, only gestures some
to frightened voles and sage and sleepless owls.
You crouch and watch amid ferns, ill at ease
at what you see: a crow's eye of a ditch;
and what you hear: her consonants and vowels
caught and carried far off by the breeze.
And for a moment you think: she's a witch.
按:1、橡树,或栎树,oak,从上两诗中可见,已成为诗人个性化的意象物或象征物,这在中国古诗中也有例见;
2、褊,狭也。成褊,唐张说《赠赵侍御》诗句“多才怨成褊”。
4、糠谬泥主义的死亡
(1989年,波兰)
五月初的灰云霭,
预示着雨之袭,
除了小巷中的踪迹,
一条长凳在路旁空摆
守夜人,廉价啤酒
空瓶子,群星
在烟雾中,黑腾腾
尾巴的东德汽车奔走
再远一程——
聆听不到的坟墓,篱笆,
一群披戴头巾的乌鸦
欢洽在黎明
The Death of Communism
(Poland,1989)
Grey clouds in early May,
a hint or threat of rain.
Beyond the tracks a lane,
a bench along the way.
Night watchmen, empty tins
of bargain lager, stars
in smoke, East German cars
with soot on their tail fins.
A little further on—
unheard of graves, hedgerows,
and flocks of hooded crows
delighting in the dawn.
5、康德的影子
它跟踪他至恐惧的尽头,
像上了发条,遍及每个科尼斯堡
上的街道,好像当他们的手将
相握,它曾准确地知道
Kant’s Shadow
It stalked him to the end of fear,
like clockwork, down each Gothic street
of Königsberg, as if it knew
precisely when their hands would meet.
6、十二月许愿
你听那远方传来的圣诞歌声,
明亮的灯泡和金属丝,樟树和丁香。
积雪的小山下你看到一颗星星
这儿你能看见圣诞树色色形形,
买干果,葡萄干,水果,在小树林旁,
年卡上刻着金字:“快乐,爱与和平”
你可以吃到波兰香肠,现烤的烤叉
在支起的烤炉上油脂滴着兹兹作响。
用兹罗提买卖,大酒桶发出光华
这儿你还可以看到胖女人杀鱼,
如果你站在那儿忍耐拥挤得不亦乐乎,
假招着你真有一个心愿要许
你可以闭上一会儿眼睛
完全能忘掉寒冷穿透手套早已侵肤
你看到一条钻石项链高居天庭
或者这儿的,城市鸽子群中的耶稣
A December Wish
You hear the sound of carols from afar.
Bright bulbs and tinsel, cinnamon and cloves.
Beyond a hill of snow you see a star.
Here you can look at stacks of Christmas trees,
buy nuts and raisins, fruit from nearby groves,
cards inscribed in gold: “joy, love and peace.”
And you can eat kielbasa from a spit
as fat drips sizzling in makeshift stoves
and zlotys are exchanged and butts are lit.
Here you can watch fat women slaughter fish
if you stand in the line and bear the shoves,
pretending that you really have a wish.
And for a moment you can close your eyes
and can forget the cold that pierces gloves
and see a diamond necklace in the skies,
or Jesu here among the city doves.
按:1、此诗押韵形式是:三行一节,每首尾行隔行押韵,每节中间行连着三节相押尾韵,即ABA,CBC,DBD,EFE,GFG,F。全诗的中间行末尾,虽然都是oves ,但前三节的clove 、grove 、stove ,都发[əuv]音,而后三节的shove 、glove 、dove ,则都发[ʌv]音(英音读法),所以不是一韵到底,虽然相近,或者虽然可以勉强把[vz]看做全同的韵脚,但考虑中文的便利,译文仍予以区别之;
2、全诗洋溢着纯净、质朴、浓厚、感染读者的欢乐情绪。
7、微光
没有星月指引他向前
没有小屋里的豆光在下方
他落在那个夜晚的雾山
乞求上天赐给点微光
绝望转成梦...... 一只小船
载着寻求信仰的渔夫,
一只船,不沉也不逐澜
正随机漂过一个溺鬼之惸孤
他近他们咫尺,但波涛间
看不到任何一个映像
波浪叠翻,重赋暴风雨的寓言
就像锤子锻打生铁成杠
而当他黎明醒来,看见得清晰
露珠上的抖光朝向加利利
A Tiny Glow
Without the moon or stars to guide his sight,
without a glint from shanties down below,
he rested on the foggy hill that night,
and begged the heavens for a tiny glow.
Despair turned into dream... a little boat
with fishermen inside in search of faith,
a boat which, neither sinking nor afloat,
now blindly drifted past a drowning wraith.
And he among them, but incapable
of seeing a reflection in the waves,
which lapped against the stormy parable
like hammers beating iron into staves.
But when he woke at dawn his eyes could see
light walking on the dew toward Galilee.
8、水
爪哇别在苏丹之焦土
一只秃鹫等待在三尺外
一个小女孩蹲着,稻草几股
对着她耷拉的头,她的心脉
在一个绿洲梦吻海岸
避难所,碧绿的棕榈
茂叶遮眼,水泻灌
成池塘,明亮而静逸
一棵凤凰木脱去悲伤,代以
背静的低垂。一个树桩残存
犹雄狮之体
驱赶开干渴的苍鹰群
Water
Burnt Sudanese earth under claw,
a vulture waits three steps behind
a girl who crouches, strands of straw
beneath her lowered head, her mind
in refuge on the dream-kissed shores
of an oasis, where green palm
leaves shade black brows, and water pours
into a pool that’s bright but calm.
A flame-tree sheds no grief, instead
droops in the backdrop. A stump lies
resembling a lion’s head
still warding off the thirst of flies.
9、迪伦托马斯
虽然大量的威士忌在每叶肺上溢流
他仍然从只是慰藉活着的人们
之波中呐喊,但他的舌头
沉重犹如坟墓内的一块石墩
Dylan Thomas
Although a sea of whisky filled each lung,
he would have called out from beneath a wave
just to console the living, but his tongue
was heavy as a stone inside the grave.
按:迪伦·托马斯,Dylan Thomas,1914 -1953,威尔士诗人。美国摇滚巨星鲍勃·迪伦(Bob Dylan)本名叫Robert Allen Zimmerman,因为崇拜大洋彼岸的迪伦·托马斯,所以把自己的姓改为迪伦。2008年上映的由约翰·梅布瑞执导,凯拉·奈特利、希里安·墨菲、马修·瑞斯等英国明星联袂主演的《爱的边缘》(The Edge of Love)首次从侧面客观的讲述了天才诗人迪伦·托马斯的情爱往事。
10、沼泽
有比雾更多的东西,
睡莲和浮萍;
一条弓鳍鱼,三尺长,
潜伏在香蒲茎
之间,掠食于
一个鲈鱼子弟学校;
一只小梭鱼在
棕落叶松与草间放棹
鲷鱼佩戴着速射滑膛枪
仍隐身在自己的尾巴里,
吞食了一只膨胀的青蛙
才只是暴露出壳体
水之涯
一棵高耸的黑橡皮树,
苍老如自由之钟,
守望着聋哑之处
它的树叶将转红,
为这百分之三的秋:
每片叶为每一个
埋在底部的武夫赳赳
Swamp
There is more here than mist,
duckweed and spatterdocks.
A bowfin, three-feet long,
lurks amid the stalks
of cattails, preying on
a school of yellow bass.
A pickerel prowls amid
brown tamaracks and grass.
A snapper with musket shot
still lodged inside its tail,
devours a bloated frog,
exposing only its shell.
And at the water’s edge,
a towering black gum,
old as the liberty bell,
watches deaf and dumb.
Its leaves soon will turn red
for the three hundredth autumn:
a leaf for every brave
buried at the bottom.
11、对持不同政见者的警告
是的,很快,他们会出现在你的门前
不管怎么说他们有命令和拘捕证
不要紧。你将仍伫立于地板
你的老婆孩子们将眼看着你的挨整
这时你会注意到坠落的物件和面包屑、
你惊呆的妻子苍白的双脚如此之美,
凯尔特十字架正在你女儿拇指上揉捏,
还有上面的你将不会再吃到的食物一类
你的思想将会被变成一个深红色池塘
那里流出你被箝口的和滴着血的头
直到你发现漂浮的自己,不在从良
安顺于警棍和被引领的飞翔之畴
A Warning to Dissidents
Yes, pretty soon now they’ll be at your door.
They’ve orders and a warrant after all.
It doesn’t matter. You’ll be on the floor,
your wife and children having watched you fall.
Just then you’ll notice fallen scraps and crumbs,
the beauty of your startled wife’s pale feet,
the Celtic Crosses on your daughter’s thumbs,
the food above that you will never eat.
Your thoughts will have become a crimson pond
that flows out of your gagged and bleeding head
until you find yourself afloat, beyond
the reach of billyclubs and flying lead.
12、红星,1933年
北极风从没停止过把我们刺穿
魔鬼睨视着我们的创伤
古拉格上空的星燃烧着如盐
直到我们岁月年华的踪迹流光
虽然我们对扭曲的侮辱一再悲叹
我们假设能滑入斯大林同志的耳腔
我们悲叹直到我们悲叹的弃权
纵横的皱纹是泪流的河床
Red Star,1933
The Arctic wind impales us without halt
and in our wounds the devil himself leers.
The star above the gulag burns like salt
until we lose all track of months and years.
And yet we sigh again the wry insult
we let slip into comrade Stalin’s ears.
We sigh until we sigh it by default
and wrinkles are the riverbeds of tears.
按:古拉格,苏联设在西伯利亚北极圈周围的劳改集中营,实际不是地名,是俄文首写字母缩写,最多曾发展到476座,但它好在已是历史,已被解密,不是如他者正在进行中的,和正在不公开的。
13、冻僵
在我印入彩虹的眼里树木在行走中
那只犹如海岬峭壁一样的雄鹰
怎样的狂喜啊,当结束了高踪
我亲爱的主,现在我在冻僵里飞行
每一片雪花,在扮着鬼脸火焰的画廊里
都是一个菱镜或镜像的光兑
每一个尖鸣着的自我,对于你
都不比嬉戏追捕的鸟儿们更宝贵
你是,说到底,光明之一爪
因为对惊退的鸽子来说光只属于飞行
我流泪于恐惧长夜的苏晓
载荷我们爱的羽毛,飘落方停
Frozen Stiff
To my enrainbowed eyes the trees are walking,
and the hawk is still as headland cliff.
What utter rapture at the end of stalking,
my dear Lord, now that I fly frozen stiff.
Each snowflake is a prism or a mirror
in a gallery of grimacing flame,
and every squealing self to You no dearer
than the birds that You hunt down for game.
You are, at last, a talon in the light
that clings in flight to a fear-stricken dove,
and I am the tears in the wake of fright
amid the falling feathers of our love.
按:高踪,《文选·傅咸<赠何劭王济>诗》:“岂不企高踪,麟趾邈难追。”张铣注:“岂不慕高轨,但踪跡邈远难可追攀也。” 此处兼借其空间“高”义。
14、燕子
曾以为燕子,
在月亮上过冬,
或变种为田鼠
在秋云憧憧
之下,或睡在幽暗
的池和湖底
微波下面,
直到突然被诱唤起
是春天把它们从
死亡王国唤醒;
早期基督徒相信,
它们曾在耶稣头顶
盘桓,给以安慰,
当他受难十字架时;
或者它们是遗失之后
天堂的先知
今天我朝上看到
深深的天之井
屋檐如秋芳,
我的屋子是唯风声
回响的空房,
是它们歌声的记忆;
它们已南飞过冬,
这儿的冬昏暗延历
Swallows
It was once thought that swallows
wintered on the moon,
or morphed into field mice
beneath the autumn swoon
of clouds, or slept beneath
wavelets on the floor
of shadowy ponds and lakes
until the sudden lure
of springtime roused them from
the kingdom of the dead.
Early Christians believed
they swirled around the head
of Jesus, giving comfort
as he bore his heavy cross,
or they were harbingers
of heaven after loss.
Today I look above
the eaves as autumn blooms
in the deep well of the sky,
my house’s empty rooms
echoing only wind,
the memory of their song.
They have flown south for winter,
which here is dark and long.
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