译诗要提倡不拘一格，百花齐放！

宛城卧龙

     如何译诗？这个问题，诗歌翻译界意见不一，仁者见仁，智者见智。有的主张跟着原诗的音步与韵脚亦步亦趋；有的主张在形式上灵活一些。在翻译实践上，自然出现了不同的路子，不同的风格。我个人认为：任何一首译诗，只要译笔流畅，无损于原诗的韵味，为读者所喜爱，就是好的，成功的。不论采取哪种译法，能做到内容与形式兼顾最好，因为这样做，能将原诗的形式介绍给读者。但任何一种语言都有自己的特点，何况诗歌是一种更加凝练的语言，在内容形式难以兼顾的情况下，为了更好地表达原诗的内容而另创新形式，也是可以的。只许拘泥于一种格调，势必造成硬译死译，这不利于诗歌翻译工作。以英诗翻译为例，由于英汉语言不同，句型相异，翻译时往往需要整句整节的改造制作，不宜逐字逐句，生搬硬套。否则，即使你把音步和韵脚都照顾到了，但文字仍可能生硬得很，读起来佶屈聱牙，缺少诗味。因此，在形式上应该多样化，既允许模仿原诗，也允许另搞一套。应该提倡百花齐放，不拘一格；提倡有所创新，不落窠臼。一首好诗，最好有不同的译文，至于孰高孰低，读者自会作出公正的判断。

*摘自陕西人民出版社1984年12月第1版－《英美名诗选译（附英文诗）》［译者《小序》之完整第三节］；标题乃引者取自该节首句。

宛城卧龙

Loon

一百个人来译一首诗就会有一百个哈姆雷特，这点不用担心。

无损于原诗的韵味

上述文章还是提到一个条件 -  无损于原诗的韵味。那么怎样尽量保持原诗的韵味？诗的韵味是由什么组成的？
把这些成分找出来，尽量靠近吧。
如：一首自由体的现代诗被翻译成古体格律诗，能做到保持原味吗？
一首诗可以译成多种形式，但要做到保持原味并不容易，只能尽量。

海外逸士

發表理論經常是較容易的﹐稍微思考一下﹐組織下語言表達﹐於是成了一篇可讀性較
強的文章。但是我在各網站上發現﹕有人發表關於怎樣寫詩詞的文章頭頭是道﹐結
果看他自己寫的詩詞﹐不敢恭維。寫翻譯的理論文章也有這種情況。所以發表這種
文章﹐必須要附上自己的翻譯案例﹐並分析說明自己理論的運用。否則﹐讀者看了﹐
真不知道該怎麼做。

自娱自乐

同意逸士的观点。是的，实践是检验真理的唯一标准。

周道模

理论大体是对的，由于没有举例说明，显得有些大而空。我把自己的说具体些吧：
有些“改译”，译者加进了自己的很多东西，不懂原文的读者，没有对照原文来研读，是很可能“认同和接受”这个“有诗意”的译本的。

自娱自乐

Five Tips on Translating Poetry
by Jennifer Liddy
You've decided to translate a poem. Maybe you have been studying a foreign language your whole life and want to put your talents to good use. Maybe you just came back from vacation to an exotic country and fell in love with their national poet and you want to recall the romance. Either way, translating poetry is serious business and not to be taken lightly. Your job as a translator is not only to pass the meaning of the poem into another language but to respect and honor its spirit. I don't mean you need a seance with a thousand candles, begging the poem to breathe your page. I mean that there are some rules to respect when you translate a poem.
1. Stay Close to the Poem. Read the poem again and again until the words become second nature on your tongue. By doing this, you will be able to feel the rhythm of the poem. You will recognize the pace, the pauses, the beats, the swirls of energy. Write the poem in longhand and make ten copies. Stick these where you can see and read them. Try the bathroom, the kitchen cabinet, or the freezer door, leading to the Ben & Jerry's. These copies will familiarize you with the poem's grammatical structure: Where the adjectives are, where there is a break in tenses. Plus, if you put them on that package of Oreo's, it'll take you longer to gobble the bag down. You will have to read the poem first!
2. Know the poet. If you are lucky enough to pick a living poet to translate, write to him or her. Get to know the person; ask him or her questions about the poem. What was the poet thinking when writing the poem? What does the poet think the poem means? Is there any imagery or language that is repeated? Is there anything symbolic from his or her life? What does the poet think of poetry? The more you know about the poet and his or her life, the better able you are to understand the nuances of the poem. Be courteous and grateful. The poet is answering your questions to help you with your translation.
If, however, you choose a poet who has passed on, your job is a little harder. Try and find out as much as you can about the poet's life. Most countries have national writer's associations. If they don't, check the web and university libraries and language departments. Maybe from there you can find other people who knew the poet or can help guide you. Build as many contacts as you can. Be familiar with the poet and you will get a sense for the poem.
3. Go for Grace. When you translate a poem, your job is to stay as close to the meaning as possible. That said, you also have artistic license to use (not abuse) the meaning to make a clear and graceful translation. Translating slag is an excellent example of when to use artistic license. Some slang has absolutely no meaning in another language. In fact, a direct translation would make the poem fail. In that case, turn the meaning of the slang into its equivalent. Remember, you want readers in your language to enjoy the poem, not marvel at how well you can directly translate words.
4. Be Wary. This tip is for those of you who think translating takes a few minutes tops. There are some great computer programs that are designed for translation. There are also some excellent dictionaries and phrase books. But do not rely on them to give you the end-all-be-all translation. You must do the footwork. You can use these computer programs and dictionary translations as a guide. They may help get to the bones of the poem but your job is to put heart and live language on those bones.
5. Take a Deep Breath. When you finish a translation, sit tight for a few days, maybe even a week, before you go over it. Take some time to think about something else, in your own language. Then come back and see where the gaps and the goodies are.
Translating a poem is a lot like writing a poem yourself. You have to know what you want to say. You have to feel what you want to say. You have to be focused. There are a thousand other jobs that are easier, better paid, and eyesight-saving, but translating has its own glories. Putting poems into another language is one of the best ways to share culture, honor poets, and remind us that we can transcend geography. Do your best.
Copyright © 2002 Jennifer Liddy

埃文河天鹅

很喜欢Liddy的这篇文章。

埃文河天鹅

我学好了，呵呵。

埃文河天鹅

痛改前非，洗心革面重新做人！